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History Early modern history

Early modern history

Colonial empires

1556 Shaanxi earthquake

Earthquake in China

1755 Lisbon earthquake

Catastrophic earthquake that primarily affected Lisbon, Portugal

Historic state based in northern Sumatra, Indonesia (1496–1903)

Acts of Union 1707

Acts of Parliament creating the Kingdom of Great Britain

Acts of Union 1800

Acts of the Parliaments of Great Britain and Ireland which united those two Kingdoms

Age of Discovery

Period of European global exploration from the 15th century to the 18th century

Age of Enlightenment

17th- to 18th-century European cultural movement

American Revolution

1765–1783 ideological and political movement in North America

American Revolutionary War

American War of Independence 1775–1783

Sociopolitical system of the Kingdom of France from the 16th century to 1789

Anglo–Dutch wars

Series of wars during the 17th and 18th centuries

Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)

1585–1604 war between the kingdoms of Spain and England

Former Akan empire centred on present-day Ghana

Atlantic Revolutions

Revolutionary wave in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries

Atlantic slave trade

Slave trade between Africa and the Americas

Austrian colonial policy

Colonial attempts by Austria

Ayutthaya Kingdom

Country in Southeast Asia (1351–1767)

Bacon's Rebellion

1675-1676 Virginia rebellion against the colonial government

Final years of the Edo period

A series of Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms that once ruled some parts of the volcanic island of Bali

Barbary corsairs

Privateers and pirates in North Africa

Princely state of India (1721–1949)

Battle of Blenheim

Major battle of the War of the Spanish Succession

Battle of Breitenfeld (1631)

Part of the Thirty Years' War

Battle of Fontenoy

1745 battle during the War of the Austrian Succession

Battle of Kunersdorf

1759 battle of the Seven Years' War

Battle of Lepanto

1571 naval battle of the Ottoman–Habsburg wars

Battle of Leuthen

1757 battle of the Seven Years' War

Battle of Lützen (1632)

Battle of the Thirty Years' War

Battle of Malplaquet

Battle in the War of the Spanish Succession

Battle of Myeongnyang

1597 fought during the Japanese invasions of Korea

Battle of Narva (1700)

1700 battle of the Great Northern War

Battle of Nördlingen (1634)

Battle of the Thirty Years' War

Battle of Oudenarde

Battle in the War of the Spanish Succession fought on 11 July 1708 in Belgium

Battle of Pavia

1525 battle during the Italian War of 1521–1526

Battle of Poltava

Major battle of the Great Northern War

Battle of Quiberon Bay

1759 battle of the Seven Years' War

Battle of Ramillies

1706 battle in the War of the Spanish Succession

Battle of Rocroi

1643 battle of the Thirty Years' War between French and Spanish forces

Battle of Rossbach

Battle on 5 November 1757 during the Third Silesian War

Battle of Sekigahara

Major battle in 17th-century Japan

Battle of Vienna

1683 battle between the Christian European States and the Ottomans

Battle of White Mountain

1620 battle of the Thirty Years' War

Battle of Zenta

Battle on 11 September 1697, in the Great Turkish War

Battles of Lexington and Concord

First military engagements of the American Revolutionary War (1775)

Battles of Saratoga

Battle and major turning point of the American Revolutionary War

18th century tributary state, princely salute state 1818–1947, and independent state in India

British Agricultural Revolution

Mid-17th to 19th century revolution centred around agriculture

British colonization of the Americas

American Colonies of England and then Great Britain and the United Kingdom

Territory ruled by the United Kingdom

Bulgarian–Ottoman wars

Bulgar-Osmanli savashlari

Columbian exchange

Transfers between the Old and New Worlds

Cossack Hetmanate

1649–1764 Cossack host in the region of Central Ukraine

Ethnic group of current Ukraine and Russia

Counter-Reformation

Catholic political and religious response to the Protestant Reformation

Cretan War (1645–1669)

Conflict between the Republic of Venice against the Ottoman Empire from 1645 to 1669

Crimean Khanate

Historical Turkic state (15–18th centuries), one of the successor states of the Golden Horde

Cromwellian conquest of Ireland

Military campaign (1649–53)

1600–1904 kingdom in West Africa

Danish colonization of the Americas

Danish colonies in the Americas

Danish overseas colonies

1537–1953 colonies of Denmark–Norway and Denmark

Death of James Cook

1779 killing in Kealakekua Bay, Hawaii

Deccan sultanates

Former states in India

War between the Maratha Empire and the Mughal Empire

Denmark–Norway

15th to 19th-century union of the Northern European kingdoms of Norway and Denmark

Afghan empire founded by Ahmad Shah Durrani

Dutch Cape Colony

Former Dutch colony in Southern Africa

Period of Dutch control of Ceylon

Dutch colonial empire

Overseas territories controlled by the Dutch Republic and the Netherlands

Dutch colonization of the Americas

Dutch colonies in the Americas

Dutch East India Company

17th-century Dutch trading company

Dutch Golden Age

Historical period of the Netherlands, roughly spanning the 17th century

Dutch–Portuguese War

Conflict for sea dominance from 1601 through 1661

Dzungar genocide

Mass extermination of the Mongol Dzungar people

Dzungar Khanate

Early modern khanate of Oirat Mongol origin

Early modern period

Historical period from c. 1500 to 1800

East India Company

16th- to 19th-century British trading company

Period of Japanese history from 1603 to 1868

Divisions under the Qing dynasty

Eighty Years' War

War in the Habsburg Netherlands (c. 1566/1568–1648)

Emirate of Bukhara

1785–1920 state in Central Asia

Empire of Great Fulo

Former Pulaar kingdom of Senegal

Legal process in England of consolidating (enclosing) small landholdings into larger farms

English Civil War

Series of wars in England, 1642–1651

English overseas possessions

Overseas territories that were colonised, conquered, or otherwise acquired by the former Kingdom of England

European colonization of the Americas

Settlement and conquest of North and South America by Europeans

European exploration of Africa

Period of history

European wars of religion

Series of wars waged in Europe from ca. 1522 to 1697

Execution of Charles I

1649 beheading of Charles I of England

Finland under Swedish rule

Period in Finnish history until 1809

11 ships that left Great Britain to found the penal colony in Australia

First Great Awakening

Series of Christian revivals in Britain and its thirteen Colonies in the 1730s and 1740s

First voyage of James Cook

Combined Royal Navy and Royal Society expedition to the south Pacific

French and Indian War

North American theater of the worldwide Seven Years' War

French and Indian Wars

1688-1763 series of military conflicts in North America

French colonial empire

Colonies of the French Kingdom and French Republic (1534-1980)

French colonization of the Americas

Part of France's colonial empire

Former French colony

French Revolution

Revolution in France from 1789 to 1799

French Revolutionary Wars

1792–1802 wars between the Republic and European monarchies

French Wars of Religion

Period of conflict between French Protestants (Huguenots) and Catholics (1562–98)

Series of jihadist wars across West Africa during the 18th and 19th centuries

Monarchy in what is now Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia

Period in British history

Global silver trade from the 16th to 19th centuries

International trade route carrying silver

Goa Inquisition

Established in 1560 to force conversion to the Roman Catholic Church in Portuguese India

Gold Coast (region)

Coastal region of West Africa known for its natural resources

Golden Age of Piracy

Maritime piracy from the 1650s to the 1730s

Grand Duchy of Tuscany

Former Italian state (1569–1801; 1815–1859)

Great Bengal famine of 1770

Famine affecting lower regions of India in 1770

Great Divergence

A period in European history during which a very swift and radical socioeconomic shift occurs

Great Northern War

Conflict between mainly the Swedish and Russian empires in 1700–1721

Great Siege of Malta

Ottoman Empire's invasion of Malta in 1565

Great Stand on the Ugra River

Standoff in 1480 between Muscovy and Great Horde

Great Turkish War

Series of conflicts (1683–1699) between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League

Failed assassination attempt against King James I

Semi-autonomous Maratha state (1731–1948)

Habsburg monarchy

Former monarchy in Europe from 1282 to 1918

Haitian Revolution

1791–1804 slave revolt in Saint-Domingue

Collection of states started by the Hausa people

18th-century Royal Navy research vessel

House of Romanov

Imperial dynasty of Russia (1613–1917)

Religious group composed of Calvinists from France

Hyderabad State

Princely state (1724–1948 in South India)

Spanish-Portuguese union between 1580 and 1640

Two invasions of the Joseon dynasty

European conflicts from 1494–1559

Jeffersonian democracy

American political persuasion of the 1790s until the 1820s

Johor Sultanate

Sultanate of Johor

1392–1897 Korean dynasty

Former Islamic monarchy in Central Asia

Khanate of Bukhara

1501–1756 Uzbek state in Central Asia

Khanate of Kazan

Medieval Tatar Turkic state

Khanate of Khiva

1511–1920 state in Central Asia

Khanate of Kokand

Former state in Central Asia

Khanate of Sibir

1468–1598 Siberian Tatar Khanate in southwestern Siberia

Kingdom of Benin

West African kingdom (1180–1897)

Kingdom of Cochin

Medieval kingdom and later princely state on the Malabar Coast, South India

Kingdom of Great Britain

Constitutional monarchy in Western Europe between 1707 and 1801

Kingdom of Ireland

Dependency of England and then of Great Britain (1542–1800)

Kingdom of Kandy

Kingdom on the island of Sri Lanka from 1469 to 1815

Kingdom of Kongo

1390–1914 state in Central Africa; Portuguese vassal from 1857

Kingdom of Loango

c. 1550–1883 coastal kingdom in west Central Africa

Kingdom of Mysore

Monarchy in India (1399–1947)

Kingdom of Prussia

German state from 1701 to 1918

Kingdom of Sardinia

State in Southern Europe from 1324 to 1861

Kingdom of Sikkim

Former kingdom in South Asia

19th century territorial fragmentation in Germany

Defunct Islamic West African trading empire

Indianized state centered in present-day Northern Thailand from the 13th to 18th centuries

Kingdom in Southeast Asia from 1353 to 1707

Lanfang Republic

Former tributary state and kongsi federation of the Qing dynasty located in western Borneo

Symbol of American independence and liberty

Climatic cooling after the Medieval Warm Period (16th–19th centuries)

16th century war in Eastern Europe

Pre-colonial (1585–1889) Central African state that arose in the Upemba Depression

Pre-colonial African confederation of states in what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola and Zambia

Magellan expedition

16th-century Spanish maritime expedition

Majeerteen Sultanate

̈1600s–1927 northeastern Somali kingdom

Makassan contact with Australia

Historical intergroup relations

Mamluk–Portuguese conflicts

1505–1517 conflict in the Indian Ocean

Maratha Confederacy

Indian imperial power that existed from 1645 to 1818

Former kingdom which straddled the current borders of Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia

Margraviate of Brandenburg

Major principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806

Mataram Sultanate

Kingdom on the island of Java (1586–1755)

Malagasy kingdom

Former empire in Eastern Asia, 1368–1644

Historical period and socio-cultural norm or attitude

Early modern empire in South Asia ruled by a Muslim dynasty of Turko-Mongol origin

Muhammad Ali dynasty

Ruling dynasty of Egypt and Sudan from the 19th to the mid-20th century

Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars

Series of wars between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Grand Duchy of Moscow

Kingdom in southern Africa between 1430 and 1760

Period of Japanese history from 1543 to 1614

Northern War of 1655–1660

Conflict in northern and northeastern Europe from 1655 to 1660

Old Swiss Confederacy

1291–1798 confederation of Swiss cantons

State policy of Ivan IV (1565–1572)

Oromo expansion

16–17th century northerly expansions of Oromo people

Ottoman Tripolitania

Administrative division of the Ottoman Empire in present-day Libya (1551-1912)

Ottoman wars in Europe

Series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and various European states

Former Indian princely state

Former empire in present day Nigeria and Benin Republic

Partitions of Poland

Three late-18th-century forced partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Peace of Augsburg

1555 peace treaty

Peace of Westphalia

Peace treaty ending the European Thirty and Eighty Years' Wars

Plantations of Ireland

British colonisation of Ireland

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

1569–1795 bi-confederate monarchy in Europe

Polish–Russian War (1609–1618)

1605–1618 military conflicts and eastward invasions

Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas

Portuguese colonization of the Americas

Portuguese colonization in South America and attempts in North America

Portuguese Empire

Colonial empire of Portugal (1415-1999)

Portuguese India

Former colony of Portugal

Price revolution

Series of economic events

European country, existing from 1525 to 1947

Pugachev's Rebellion

Peasant revolt against Empress Catherine II of Russia

Subclass of English Reformed Protestants

Iranian royal dynasty of Turkic origin (1789–1925)

Chinese Dynasty in Eastern Asia from 1636-1912/1917

Undeclared naval war between France and the US, 1798–1800

Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)

Period of Thai history

16th-century movement in Western Christianity

Period in French history

Regency of Algiers

North African former state

Reign of Terror (Capture the Crown album)

2014 studio album by Capture the Crown

European cultural period of the 14th to 17th century

Russian colonization of North America

Period from 1732 to 1867, when the Russian Empire laid claim to northern Pacific Coast of America

Russian conquest of Siberia

Military conquest during 1580–1778

Russo-Kazan Wars

1439–1552 wars between Kazan and Russia

Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)

1654–1667 major conflict between Tsardom of Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Russo-Turkish wars

Series of conflicts between 1568 and 1918

Historical kingdom in parts of present-day Japan from 1429 to 1875

Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam

Historical event

Safavid dynasty

Twelver Shiʻi ruling dynasty of Iran (1501-1736)

Japanese isolationist policy from 1633–1853

Salem witch trials

Series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts

Scientific Revolution

Emergence of modern science in the early modern period

Second Hundred Years' War

Great Britain vs France, c. 1689-1815

Second voyage of James Cook

Exploration voyage from 1772 to 1775

Period of Japanese history from 1467 to 1615

Seven Years' War

Global conflict between Great Britain and France from 1756 to 1763

Shays's Rebellion

Armed uprising in western Massachusetts (1786–1787)

19th century Japanese special police force

Siege of Belgrade (1456)

1456 military blockade halting Ottoman advance

Siege of Yorktown

Last major battle of the American Revolutionary War

Empire in the Indian subcontinent that existed from 1799 to 1849

Sino-Burmese War

Qing dynasty war of expansion (1765 - 1769)

Slavery in Africa

Fleet of ships under Spanish control, intended to attack England in 1588

Spanish colonization of the Americas

Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire

16th-century Spanish invasion of Mesoamerica

Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire

Period of the Spanish conquest in South America

Spanish conquest of the Maya

Conquest dating from 1511 to 1697

Spanish East Indies

Spanish colony from 1565 to 1901

Colonial empire between 1492 and 1976

Spanish Inquisition

System of tribunals enforcing Catholic doctrine

Spanish Netherlands

Historical region of the Low Countries (1556–1714)

Storming of the Bastille

Major event of the French Revolution

Period in British history from 1603 to 1714

Stuart Restoration

1660 restoration of monarchy in the British Isles

Sultanate of Agadez

Historical country and sultanate in Niger

Sultanate of Bijapur

Muslim dynasty (1490–1686)

Sultanate of Golconda

Muslim royal dynasty, rulers of the Golconda Sultanate from 1518-1687

Sultanate of Gowa

Former sultanate in Southern Sulawesi

Sultanate of Ternate

Swedish colonies in the Americas

17th-century colonies of Sweden in the Americas

Historical period in the history of Sweden (1611–1721)

Swedish overseas colonies

Overview of colonial possessions of Sweden

Taiwan under Qing rule

1683–1895 period in Taiwanese history

Ten Great Campaigns

1747 series of military campaigns launched by the Qing dynasty of China

Tennis Court Oath

Pivotal event in the early days of the French Revolution

The Protectorate

Republican period of Britain, 1653–1659

Thermidorian Reaction

1794 French counter-revolution against Robespierre

Third Anglo-Maratha War

Conflict between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India

Third voyage of James Cook

Royal Navy exploration voyage to the North Pacific from 1776 to 1780

Thirty Years' War

Major war in Central Europe (1618–1648)

Time of Troubles

1598–1613 chaotic period of Russian history

Tokugawa shogunate

Last feudal Japanese military government which existed between 1603 and 1867

Toungoo dynasty

Ruling dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from the mid-16th century to 1752

Transition from Ming to Qing

Period of Chinese history (1618-1683)

Kingdom in southern India from 1729 to 1949

Treaty of Tordesillas

Age of Discovery treaty dividing the unclaimed world between Spanish and Portuguese sovereignty

Treaty of Zaragoza

1529 peace treaty between Spain and Portugal

Tsardom of Russia

1547–1721 tsardom in Eurasia

Historical era in England coinciding with the rule of the Tudor dynasty

Ukrainian national revival

Social and political movement in Ukraine, from the late eighteenth to the end of the nineteenth centuries

Union of Lublin

1569 union of Poland and Lithuania

War of the Austrian Succession

1740–1748 war between European powers

War of the Spanish Succession

18th-century conflict in Europe

Wars of the Three Kingdoms

Civil wars in England, Ireland, and Scotland (1638–1651)

Western imperialism in Asia

Imperialization and spread of influence over Asia by Western Europe and associated states

Rulers of Oman between 1624 and 1742